小脑扁桃体
Tonsilla cerebelli
- 拉丁语近义词: Lobulus IX hemisphaerii cerebelli
定义
小脑扁桃体是一个圆形小叶,位于小脑每侧半球的下表面。小脑扁桃体属于小脑半球中叶/后叶的组成部分。两侧小脑扁桃体在中线处与蚓垂(即蚓部第IX小叶)相延续。小脑扁桃体前方借右室后支(绒球结节裂)与绒球相分隔。
小脑扁桃体在颅内压增高的情况下具有重要的临床意义——例如,由颅内出血所致颅内压升高时——扁桃体可与邻近的下段延髓一同经枕骨大孔向下疝出。在此情况下,行腰椎穿刺极为危险,因为脑脊液的骤然抽出可进一步降低压力,从而加重疝出效应。一旦发生,小脑扁桃体可压迫并损伤延髓内的心肺神经中枢,导致心肺骤停乃至死亡。这一现象称为脑疝(锥形疝)或扁桃体疝。
參考資料
Standring, S. and Gray, H. (2016). ‘Chapter 22: Cerebellum’ in Gray’s anatomy The anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. (41st ed.) New York: Elsevier, pp. 331-335.
Snell, R.S. (2010). ‘Chapter 5: The Brainstem’, in Clinical Neuroanatomy. (7th ed.) Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 217.
Patricia, K.Y. Kan., Mandy, H.M. Chu., Emily, G.Y. Koo. and Matthew, T.V. Chan. (2016). ‘Chapter 1: Brain Herniation’ in Complications in Neuroanesthesia. Academic Press, Editor(s): Hemanshu Prabhakar, pp. 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804075-1.00001-8