室管膜
Ependyma
定义
室管膜是中枢神经系统中一种结缔组织细胞(或神经胶质细胞),在脑室系统中形成上皮衬里。这些细胞,又称室管膜细胞,通过紧密连接相互紧密结合,在血液与脑脊液之间形成屏障。室管膜细胞的底端紧贴基底膜(朝向远离脑室腔的一侧),而其顶侧则朝向脑室腔。它们的顶侧具有睫毛和微绒毛,有助于推动脑脊液在脑室内流动。
当折叠的软膜层连同其细动脉(称为脉络组织)突入脑室腔时,即被室管膜衬里所包绕。这一组合称为脉络丛,由脉络组织(血管性软膜)和室管膜(脉络膜上皮)共同构成。脉络丛中的室管膜细胞呈立方形,其朝向脑室腔的顶侧具有睫毛和微绒毛。作为脉络丛的组成部分,室管膜参与脑脊液的产生。
參考資料
Snell, R.S. (2010). ‘Chapter 16: The ventricular system, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers’, in Clinical Neuroanatomy. (7th ed.) Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 446-473.
Deng, S., Gan, L., Liu, C., Xu, T., Zhou, S., Guo, Y., Zhang, Z., Yang, G.Y., Tian, H. and Tang, Y., 2023. Roles of ependymal cells in the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system. Aging and Disease, 14(2), p.468.
Javed K, Reddy V, Lui F. Neuroanatomy, Choroid Plexus. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538156/