Olive

The olives are distinct oval elevations identifiable on the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata, located posterolateral to the pyramids. With regards to its layout in the medulla oblongata, the olive is bounded medially by the pre-olivary sulcus, which separates it from the medullary pyramid. Notably, the hypoglossal nerve rootlets emerge along this pre-olivary sulcus. Conversely, the olive is bounded posterolaterally by a post-olivary sulcus. This is the site where the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves arise.

The olive encompasses the inferior olivary nucleus, which forms part of the broader olivary nuclear complex. This nucleus is characterized by its unique, crumpled bag-like appearance, with its medial opening oriented inward.

Alongside the inferior olivary nucleus, smaller dorsal and medial accessory olivary nuclei contribute to the complex's functionality. The primary role of the olivary nuclei is linked with voluntary muscle movement and motor coordination.