脾动脉
Arteria splenica
- 拉丁语近义词: Arteria lienalis
定义
脾动脉是腹腔干最粗大、行程最迂曲的分支,在超过97%的病例中起自腹腔干,但也有少数起自腹主动脉或其他血管的情况见于文献记录。起始后,该动脉沿胰腺上缘向左行走,行程明显迂曲,在成人中尤为突出,其走行方式可分为胰腺上方型(最常见)、胰腺后方型、胰腺前方型或胰腺内型。[1-4]
该动脉在行程中发出数支分支,包括胰腺支、胃短动脉以及胃网膜左动脉。胃后动脉可在脾动脉中段发出,在男性中约占45%,在女性中约占40%。[4]
在脾门处,脾动脉通常分为两支(上叶支和下叶支)或三支叶间支,再进一步分为节段支,继而分为小叶支,共同供应脾脏。分为两支叶动脉的二分型最为常见(超过80%),但三分型和四分型亦可见。[2][4-5] 在相当比例的病例中存在上极动脉和下极动脉,可起自主干或其分支,负责供应脾脏的上、下两极。[2][5-6]
參考資料
1.Exploring the Topography of the Splenic Artery: A Comprehensive Analysis.Wilk J, Koszewski J, Gwóźdź A, et al.Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA. 2025;47(1):108. doi:10.1007/s00276-025-03622-y.
2.A Systematic Review of Splenic Artery Variants Based on Cadaveric Studies.Manatakis DK, Piagkou M, Loukas M, et al.Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA. 2021;43(8):1337-1347. doi:10.1007/s00276-020-02675-5.
3.Anatomical Variations of the Splenic Artery and Its Clinical Implications.Pandey SK, Bhattacharya S, Mishra RN, Shukla VK.Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.). 2004;17(6):497-502. doi:10.1002/ca.10220.
4.Branches of the Splenic Artery and Splenic Arterial Segments.Daisy Sahni A, Indar Jit B, Gupta CN, Gupta DM, Harjeet E.Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.). 2003;16(5):371-7. doi:10.1002/ca.10172.
5.Anatomy of Vasculature of 850 Spleen Specimens and Its Application in Partial Splenectomy.Liu DL, Xia S, Xu W, et al.Surgery. 1996;119(1):27-33. doi:10.1016/s0039-6060(96)80209-1.
6.The Basis for Splenic Segmental Dearterialization: A Post-Mortem Study.Ignjatovic D, Stimec B, Zivanovic V.Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA. 2005;27(1):15-8. doi:10.1007/s00276-004-0279-2.