腘绳肌近侧腱
Tendo proximalis musculi ischiocrurales
定义
近端腘绳肌腱的解剖结构涉及腘绳肌群起源于坐骨结节。半腱肌与股二头肌长头在坐骨结节右室后支共享一个共同的腱性起点，形成联合腱。半膜肌则单独起源于坐骨结节的前外侧面。[1-4]
半腱肌与股二头肌的联合腱具有椭圆形足迹，而半膜肌则具有新月形足迹。半膜肌的足迹位于联合腱足迹的正前方。[3-4] 坐骨神经与这些结构紧密毗邻，距坐骨结节外侧面约1.2厘米，这在外科手术操作中是一项重要考量。[1-2]
作者注：大收肌近端肌腱起源于坐骨结节，位于半膜肌腱的正前方，作为大收肌坐骨髁部（腘绳肌部分）的近端止点，该部分在功能上与腘绳肌群相似，但在解剖学上并不正式归属于腘绳肌群。
參考資料
1.The Proximal Origin of the Hamstrings and Surrounding Anatomy Encountered During Repair. A Cadaveric Study.Miller SL, Gill J, Webb GR.The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2007;89(1):44-8. doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00094.
2.The Proximal Origin of the Hamstrings and Surrounding Anatomy Encountered During Repair. Surgical Technique.Miller SL, Webb GR.The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 2008;90 Suppl 2 Pt 1:108-16. doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.01281.
3.Gross Anatomical and Dimensional Characteristics of the Proximal Hamstring Origin.Feucht MJ, Plath JE, Seppel G, et al.Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA. 2015;23(9):2576-82. doi:10.1007/s00167-014-3124-0.
4.A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Attachment Sites of the Proximal Hamstrings.Philippon MJ, Ferro FP, Campbell KJ, et al.Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA. 2015;23(9):2554-61. doi:10.1007/s00167-014-3074-6.
