肾动脉
Arteria renalis
定义
肾动脉在兽医解剖学中是一对血管（右肾动脉和左肾动脉），通常从腹主动脉侧方发出，分别供应两侧肾脏。在大多数家养哺乳动物中，包括犬、猫、绵羊和大鼠，每侧肾脏由单支肾动脉供血是最常见的构型，但也可出现解剖变异，如副肾动脉，尤其见于猫和人。[1-5]
肾动脉自主动脉发出后，向背外侧走行至肾门，在肾门处或肾门之前分为两支主要分支：背侧支和腹侧支。这两支进一步分为节段动脉，分别供应肾脏的不同区域或节段。
节段动脉进入肾实质后，分支为叶间动脉，走行于肾锥体之间，继而在皮髓质交界处形成弓形动脉，最终分支为小叶间动脉，供应肾皮质。背侧支和腹侧支的尾侧分支对犬和绵羊肾脏尾极的血管化尤为重要。[1][4]
參考資料
1.Dog Kidney: Anatomical Relationships Between Intrarenal Arteries and Kidney Collecting System.Marques-Sampaio BP, Pereira-Sampaio MA, Henry RW, Favorito LA, Sampaio FJ.Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007). 2007;290(8):1017-22. doi:10.1002/ar.20567.
2.Angiographic Anatomy of the Major Abdominal Arterial Blood Supply in the Dog.Culp WT, Mayhew PD, Pascoe PJ, Zwingenberger A.Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : The Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association. 2015 Sep-Oct;56(5):474-85. doi:10.1111/vru.12250.
3.Characterization of Normal Feline Renal Vascular Anatomy With Dual-Phase CT Angiography.Cáceres AV, Zwingenberger AL, Aronson LR, Mai W.Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : The Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association. 2008 Jul-Aug;49(4):350-6. doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.00378.x.
4.Anatomical Relationship Between the Kidney Collecting System and the Intrarenal Arteries in the Sheep: Contribution for a New Urological Model.Buys-Gonçalves GF, De Souza DB, Sampaio FJ, Pereira-Sampaio MA.Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007). 2016;299(4):405-11. doi:10.1002/ar.23317.
5.Morphological Characteristics of Renal Artery and Kidney in Rats.Yoldas A, Dayan MO.TheScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:468982. doi:10.1155/2014/468982.
