颈部
Pars cervicalis
- 相关用语: 食管 - 颈部
定义
食管颈部从咽延伸至胸腔入口。其主要由横纹肌纤维构成，有助于对吞咽初始阶段的随意控制。该段位于气管背侧，与气管紧密相关，这在犬气管扁平等病理状态下具有临床意义。[1]
组织学上，食管颈部衬覆未角化的复层鳞状上皮，可防止摄入食物造成的机械性损伤。黏膜下层含有食管腺，分泌黏液以润滑食物通过。[2] 该区肌层以横纹肌为主，至胸部食管处逐渐过渡为平滑肌。[3]
在猫，食管颈部在胸腔入口处形成一个尖锐的角，这可能易导致异物嵌顿。[4]
參考資料
1.Dogs With Severe Tracheal Flattening Exhibit Lower Degrees of Left Lateralization of the Cervical Esophagus.Teshima K, Fujimoto T, Shiozawa N, Ishikawa C, Yamaya Y.The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2024;86(12):1284-1288. doi:10.1292/jvms.24-0270.New Research
2.The Microscopic Anatomy of the Esophagus Including the Individual Layers, Specialized Tissues, and Unique Components and Their Responses to Injury.Zhang X, Patil D, Odze RD, et al.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2018;1434(1):304-318. doi:10.1111/nyas.13705.
3.A Comparative Histological Study on the Distribution of Striated and Smooth Muscles and Glands in the Esophagus of Wild Birds and Mammals.Shiina T, Shimizu Y, Izumi N, et al.The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2005;67(1):115-7. doi:10.1292/jvms.67.115.
4.Oesophageal Foreign Bodies in Cats: Clinical and Anatomic Findings.Abd Elkader NA, Emam IA, Farghali HA, M DS, Salem NY.PloS One. 2020;15(6):e0233983. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233983.
