Cervical vertebra
Vertebra cervicalis
Definition
A cervical vertebra is characterized by several distinct anatomical features. Each cervical vertebra typically consists of a vertebral body, a vertebral arch, and several processes.
1. Vertebral Body: The vertebral body is small and oval-shaped. It supports the weight of the head and provides attachment for intervertebral discs.
2. Vertebral Arch: The vertebral arch is formed by the pedicles and laminae, which enclose the vertebral foramen. The vertebral foramen is large and triangular, accommodating the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord.
3. Processes:
• Spinous Process: The spinous process is bifid (split into two parts) in the typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6), which provides attachment for muscles and ligaments.
• Transverse Processes: Each transverse process contains a transverse foramen, which allows passage of the vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves. The transverse processes also have anterior and posterior tubercles.
• Articular Processes: The superior and inferior articular processes form the facet joints, which allow for a range of motion while maintaining stability.
4. Uncinate Processes: These are hook-shaped projections on the lateral edges of the superior surface of the vertebral bodies from C3 to C7, which help to prevent lateral displacement of the vertebrae and form the uncovertebral joints.
5. Pedicles and Laminae: The pedicles are short and project laterally and posteriorly from the vertebral body, while the laminae extend from the pedicles to form the posterior part of the vertebral arch.
6. Intervertebral Foramina: These foramina are formed between adjacent vertebrae and allow for the exit of spinal nerves.
In summary, some unique features of the cervical vertebrae distinguish them from other vertebrae in the spine, such as:
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