Plantar fat pad

Plantar fat pad consists of fatty globules located beneath each foot. These globules are interspersed with collagen fiber septa that connect the foot bones to the deep subcutaneous tissue. Positioned deep to the subcutaneous tissue, specifically beneath the heel and the ball of the foot, the plantar fat pad plays a crucial role in cushioning the foot bones and absorbing the weight of the entire body, effectively acting as a vital shock absorber.

Sensory innervation to the plantar fat pad is provided by the plantar nerves, while the arterial supply is derived from the calcaneal branches of the posterior popliteal artery and the plantar arteries.

In cases such as diabetes, the atrophy of the plantar fat pad can lead to pain, tenderness, callus formation, and ulcers on the skin of the sole. Treatment options may involve the addition of extra plantar fat padding and the use of protective footwear with enhanced cushioning. Lifestyle modification may include weight reduction and the avoidance of walking barefoot.