Spongy bone

Spongy bone is a type of osseous tissue characterized by a porous, lattice-like microarchitecture composed of trabeculae (small, interconnected bony struts) and spaces that are typically filled with bone marrow. It is also referred to as trabecular bone or cancellous bone. Spongy bone is found predominantly at the ends of long bones, within the interior of vertebrae, and in the pelvis, ribs, and skull. Its structure allows for the storage of ions and bone marrow, and it plays a critical role in metabolic activity and bone remodeling due to its high surface area and vascularity.

The mechanical properties of spongy bone are determined by the thickness, number, and organization of the trabeculae, which contribute to its overall porosity and strength. This microarchitecture is essential for distributing mechanical loads and resisting fractures, especially in regions subjected to multidirectional forces.

Spongy bone is distinct from cortical bone, which is denser and forms the outer shell of bones, providing structural support and protection.