股二头肌
Musculus biceps femoris
定义
股二头肌是位于大腿后筋膜鞘的三块腘绳肌之一。它有两个头——长头和短头——两头汇合形成共同肌腱,止于腓骨头。
起点
1. 长头
- 以与半腱肌共同的(联合)肌腱起自坐骨结节的内下部。
2. 短头
止点
- 两头在大腿下三分之一处汇合,形成强韧的肌腱,主要止于腓骨头。部分纤维亦可止于胫骨外侧髁及小腿深筋膜。
神经支配
- 长头:坐骨神经胫侧分支(L5–S2)
- 短头:坐骨神经腓总(腓骨)神经分支(L5–S2)
功能
两头均可使膝关节屈曲,并在膝关节屈曲时使其外旋。此外,长头还参与髋关节的伸展运动。
參考資料
The Biceps Femoris Muscle Complex at the Knee. Its Anatomy and Injury Patterns Associated With Acute Anterolateral-Anteromedial Rotatory Instability.Terry GC, LaPrade RF.The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1996 Jan-Feb;24(1):2-8. doi:10.1177/036354659602400102.
Unique Morphological Architecture of the Hamstring Muscles and Its Functional Relevance Revealed by Analysis of Isolated Muscle Specimens and Quantification of Structural Parameters.Takeda K, Kato K, Ichimura K, Sakai T.Journal of Anatomy. 2023;243(2):284-296. doi:10.1111/joa.13860.
This definition incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy (20th U.S. edition of Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, published in 1918 – from http://www.bartleby.com/107/).