第四颈椎
Vertebra CIV
- 相关用语: C4; 椎骨 C4
定义
颈椎C4(第4颈椎)是一块典型的颈椎,具有若干独特的解剖学特征。它具有较小的椎体、较大的椎孔,以及含有横突孔的横突,横突孔供椎动脉通过。C4的棘突通常呈分叉状,这是颈椎的常见特征。[1]
C4的钩突相对较高,约为5.8至6.1毫米,这对其参与钩椎关节以及潜在的神经根压迫具有重要意义。[2] C4水平椎间孔的前后径小于C3和C7,这在颈椎病的情况下可能导致神经根受压。[2]
C4椎骨在颈椎序列排列中亦发挥重要作用。在生理条件下,C4下终板的倾斜角保持相对恒定,使其成为评估颈椎矢状位排列的参考基准。[3]
就体表解剖而言,甲状软骨是C4–C5椎间隙的体表标志,在临床操作中可用于定位,具有实用价值。[4]
參考資料
1.Shape Analysis of the Cervical Spinous Process.Greiner TM.Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.). 2017;30(7):894-900. doi:10.1002/ca.22948.
2.Anatomic Considerations for Uncovertebral Involvement in Cervical Spondylosis.Ebraheim NA, Lu J, Biyani A, Brown JA, Yeasting RA.Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1997;(334):200-6.
3.C4 Constant Vertebra: A Novel Benchmark of Physiological Cervical Sagittal Alignment.Xu H, Gong Z, Yang Y, et al.European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2024;33(3):1195-1204. doi:10.1007/s00586-023-08100-w.
4.History of Cervical Spine Localization: Surface Landmarks.Johnson MD, Schwieterman W, Bugada M, et al.World Neurosurgery. 2024;:S1878-8750(24)01824-2. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2024.10.119.