Accessory nipple
Papilla mammaria accessoria
- Synonym: Supernumerary nipple
Definition
An accessory nipple (also known as a supernumerary nipple or polythelia) is a congenital condition characterized by the presence of one or more additional nipples beyond the typical two. These extra nipples occur along the embryonic mammary ridge (milk line), which extends bilaterally from the axilla to the inguinal region. They may also rarely occur outside this line.
Key Features:
Prevalence: Estimated at approximately 1–5% of the general population, with some variation by ethnicity and sex. It is slightly more common in males.
Classification: Accessory nipples range from a simple small mark (a forme fruste resembling a mole) to a fully formed nipple with or without underlying glandular tissue. When associated with breast tissue, the term polymastia is used.
Clinical significance: Most accessory nipples are benign and asymptomatic. However, they may undergo hormonal changes (e.g., swelling or tenderness during pregnancy or lactation). Rarely, pathology such as fibroadenoma or carcinoma can arise in associated ectopic breast tissue.
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