Anterior ampullary crest

Anterior ampullary crest is a raised ridge-like layer of cells situated within the membranous wall of the ampulla of anterior semicircular duct. A gelatinous substance, called the cupula, sits on top of the apex of anterior ampullary crest. Numerous sensory hair cells can be found, interspersed between the crest cells. These hair cells possess cilia which protrude into the cupula, while at their bases they connect with axonal processes of the vestibular ganglionic cells.

The whole apparatus causes obstruction to the flow of endolymph through the ampulla of anterior semicircular duct and is thereby designed to detect angular acceleration during rotational movements of the head in a sagittal plane. For instance, when one tilts the head front and backwards to say YES). This causes the endolymph to deflect the cupula and the cilia contained within it, which stimulates the sensory hair cells leading to changes in the neuronal firing rate of axonal processes of vestibular ganglionic cells.

Please note that–in addition to anterior ampullary crest–the membranous labyrinth also contains lateral and posterior ampullary crests. These are situated within the membranous ampullas of the lateral and posterior semicircular ducts, respectively. They resemble in structure to the anterior ampullary crest and help detect angular acceleration when head rotates in horizontal and coronal planes.