Carpal region

The carpal region, commonly known as the wrist, serves as the anatomical connection between the distal forearm and the hand. This complex structure is formed by eight small carpal bones, arranged into two distinct rows:

• Proximal row: Includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform bones.

• Distal row: Comprises the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones.

These carpal bones articulate with each other, the distal radius and ulna, and the bases of the metacarpal bones. This intricate arrangement provides stability while allowing for a wide range of wrist movements.

Ligamentous stabilization

The wrist's stability is further reinforced by a robust network of ligaments, including:

• Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments

• Collateral ligaments

• Numerous interosseous ligaments (connecting individual carpal bones)

Key passageways

Important structures pass through specific anatomical tunnels within the carpal region:

• Palmar (volar) Side: The flexor retinaculum forms the roof of the carpal tunnel, a crucial passageway for the median nerve and flexor tendons. Just medial to the carpal tunnel, the ulnar nerve and ulnar artery traverse Guyon's canal.

• Dorsal side: The extensor retinaculum securely holds the extensor tendons in place.

Neurovascular supply

Innervation to the carpal region primarily comes from the interosseous branches of the median and radial nerves, as well as the deeper branches of the ulnar nerve. Blood supply is provided by branches originating from the radial and ulnar arteries.