Dorsal part of muscular system
Pars dorsalis systematis muscularis
Definition
The dorsal part of the muscular system in humans includes the muscles of the back, which are categorized in Terminologia Anatomica 2 into:
They may also be categorized into superficial, intermediate, and deep layers:
The superficial layer consists of muscles such as the trapezius and latissimus dorsi, which are involved in movements of the shoulder and upper limb.
The intermediate layer includes muscles like the serratus posterior superior and inferior, which assist in respiratory functions.
The deep layer, also known as the intrinsic back muscles, is further divided into three groups: the erector spinae, transversospinales, and segmental muscles. The erector spinae group, which includes the iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles, is responsible for extending and laterally flexing the vertebral column. The transversospinales group, which includes the semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores muscles, plays a crucial role in stabilizing the vertebral column and assisting with rotational movements. The segmental muscles, such as the interspinales and intertransversarii, provide fine motor control and stabilization of the vertebrae.
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