Superior tarsus

The superior tarsus (superior tarsal plate) is a dense plate of fibrous connective tissue located within the upper eyelid. It provides structural support and helps maintain the shape and firmness of the upper eyelid.

The superior tarsus is larger and broader than the inferior tarsus. Its lower border lies near the free margin of the upper eyelid, while its superior border is attached to the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis, which elevates the upper eyelid.

Tarsal glands

Embedded within the superior tarsus are numerous tarsal (Meibomian) glands, which are modified sebaceous glands that secrete an oily substance contributing to the tear film and reducing evaporation of tears from the ocular surface.

Relations

Anteriorly, the superior tarsus is related to the orbicularis oculi muscle and skin of the eyelid, while posteriorly it is lined by the palpebral conjunctiva. Medially and laterally, it is attached to the orbital margins by the medial and lateral palpebral ligaments.

Functions

Functionally, the superior tarsus maintains eyelid contour, supports the eyelashes and soft tissues of the eyelid, and provides attachment for muscles involved in eyelid movement. Clinically, it is important in ptosis surgery, eyelid reconstruction, and disorders involving the Meibomian glands such as chalazion and blepharitis.