Acromial branch of suprascapular artery

The acromial branch of the suprascapular artery is a small arterial branch that arises from the suprascapular artery (a branch of the thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian artery). It courses over or near the acromion of the scapula, contributing to the acromial anastomotic network (rete acromiale) — a vascular plexus on the superior aspect of the acromion formed by anastomoses with the acromial branches of the thoracoacromial artery and the posterior circumflex humeral artery.

Anatomical Details

• Origin: The suprascapular artery travels laterally across the posterior cervical triangle, passes over the superior transverse scapular ligament (while the suprascapular nerve passes beneath it), and enters the supraspinous fossa. The acromial branch typically arises as the suprascapular artery courses near the acromion.

• Course and distribution: It passes superficially over or around the acromion to supply the periosteum, overlying soft tissues, and the acromioclavicular joint region.

• Anastomoses: It participates in the acromial rete, an important collateral vascular network that connects branches of the subclavian and axillary arterial systems. This anastomosis is clinically relevant as it provides collateral circulation to the shoulder region.