Vertebra L3

The lumbar vertebra L3 (3rd lumbar vertebra) is characterized by several distinct anatomical features. The vertebral body of L3 is larger and more robust compared to the thoracic vertebrae, designed to bear significant weight and provide stability. The vertebral body is roughly cylindrical, with a slightly concave superior and inferior surface to accommodate intervertebral discs.

The L3 vertebra has a vertebral arch composed of pedicles and laminae, which enclose the vertebral foramen. The pedicles are short and stout, projecting posteriorly from the vertebral body. The laminae are broad and flat, extending from the pedicles to meet at the midline, forming the spinous process. The spinous process of L3 is typically short and thick, projecting posteriorly and slightly downward.

The transverse processes of L3 are long and slender, extending laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae. These processes serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments. The superior and inferior articular processes arise from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae, with the superior articular processes facing medially and slightly posteriorly, and the inferior articular processes facing laterally and slightly anteriorly. These articular processes form the facet joints, which allow for flexion, extension, and limited rotation of the lumbar spine.

The vertebral foramen of L3 is triangular in shape, providing passage for the spinal cord and associated structures.