Vertebra T2

The second thoracic vertebra (T2) is part of the upper thoracic spine and has several distinct anatomical features. The vertebral body of T2 is heart-shaped and slightly larger than that of T1. The pedicles are short and project directly backward, while the laminae are broad and thick. The spinous process is long, slender, and directed downward, overlapping the vertebra below.

The transverse processes of T2 are robust and contain facets for articulation with the tubercles of the second ribs. The superior articular facets face posteriorly and slightly laterally, while the inferior articular facets face anteriorly and slightly medially, allowing for limited rotation and flexion/extension movements.

The vertebral foramen is circular and houses the spinal cord, which is slightly narrower at this level compared to the cervical region. The T2 vertebra also contributes to the formation of the intervertebral foramen, through which the T2 spinal nerve exits.