膝关节髌部
Pars patellaris articulationis genus
- 拉丁语近义词： Articulatio femoropatellaris
- 相关用语: 髌股关节
定义
髌股关节（膝关节髌股间室；股髌关节）是髌骨与股骨之间的复杂关节。髌骨是人体最大的籽骨，与股骨的髌骨沟（滑车）相关节。该关节在膝关节伸展机制中发挥关键作用，促进膝关节伸展并为股四头肌群提供机械优势。
髌骨嵌于股四头肌腱内，并通过髌韧带与胫骨粗隆相连。股四头肌群由股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌和股中间肌组成，通过共同腱止于髌骨。内侧和外侧髌股韧带以及髌骨支持带为关节提供额外稳定性。[1-3]
髌骨和股骨的关节面均覆盖有透明软骨，髌骨处的透明软骨最厚，以承受膝关节屈曲时产生的高压缩力。股骨滑车沟呈凹形，为髌骨在膝关节运动过程中的滑动提供稳定的轨道。[4-5]
參考資料
1.Bony and Cartilaginous Anatomy of the Patellofemoral Joint.Tecklenburg K, Dejour D, Hoser C, Fink C.Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA. 2006;14(3):235-40. doi:10.1007/s00167-005-0683-0.
2.Clinical Anatomy of the Quadriceps Femoris and Extensor Apparatus of the Knee.Waligora AC, Johanson NA, Hirsch BE.Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2009;467(12):3297-306. doi:10.1007/s11999-009-1052-y.
3.The Extensor Mechanism of the Knee Joint: An Anatomical Study.Andrikoula S, Tokis A, Vasiliadis HS, Georgoulis A.Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA. 2006;14(3):214-20. doi:10.1007/s00167-005-0680-3.
4.Anatomy of the Human Patellofemoral Joint Articular Cartilage: Surface Curvature Analysis.Kwak SD, Colman WW, Ateshian GA, et al.Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society. 1997;15(3):468-72. doi:10.1002/jor.1100150322.
5.The Basic Science of the Patella: Structure, Composition, and Function.Fox AJ, Wanivenhaus F, Rodeo SA.The Journal of Knee Surgery. 2012;25(2):127-41. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1313741.
