Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

The anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (ASPDA) is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery that supplies the anterior surface of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum. It arises as the gastroduodenal artery passes behind the first part of the duodenum and descends along the anterior aspect of the groove between the duodenal C-loop and the pancreatic head.

Anastomosis

The ASPDA anastomoses with the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (AIPDA), which is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. Together, these two vessels form the anterior pancreaticoduodenal arcade, a critical arterial anastomotic loop that connects the celiac trunk circulation with the superior mesenteric artery circulation. This arcade is clinically significant because it provides collateral blood flow between these two major arterial systems.

Territory of Supply

• Anterior surface of the head of the pancreas

• Adjacent portions of the duodenum (first and second parts)

• The pancreaticoduodenal groove

Clinical Significance

• The anterior pancreaticoduodenal arcade is an important collateral pathway in cases of celiac trunk or superior mesenteric artery stenosis or occlusion.

• Knowledge of this artery is essential during pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure), as inadvertent injury can lead to hemorrhage or ischemia.

• It is also relevant in interventional radiology for embolization procedures involving the pancreaticoduodenal region.