Hyoid bone
Os hyoideum
- Latin synonym: Os hyoides; Os linguae
- Synonym: Lingual bone
Definition
The hyoid bone is shaped like a horseshoe or U-shaped, and is suspended from the tips of the styloid processes of the temporal bones by the stylohyoid ligaments. It consists of five segments: a body, two greater cornua, and two lesser horns (cornua).
Body: The central part of the hyoid bone, which is the largest and most robust section.
Lesser horns: These are smaller, conical projections that arise from the junction of the body and the greater cornua. They are typically directed superiorly and slightly posteriorly.
Greater horns: These are two elongated projections that extend posteriorly from the body of the hyoid bone. They provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments.
The hyoid bone is unique in that it does not articulate directly with any other bone, being anchored by muscles and ligaments. The hyoid bone serves as an attachment site for several muscles associated with the floor of the mouth, the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx, playing a crucial role in swallowing and speech.
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