Inferior surface of cerebral hemisphere

The inferior surface of cerebral hemisphere is marked by many important sulci and gyri. One significant sulcus, known as the lateral sulcus, runs horizontally as a deep fissure. It separates the front part of the cortex, called the orbital surface, from the inferior aspects of temporal and occipital cortices at the back. Towards the front, we can observe the olfactory tract and bulb resting within the olfactory sulcus. This sulcus separates orbital gyri and sulci laterally from the gyrus rectus medially. Moving towards the back, we see several other sulci and gyri, some of which extend from the medial to the inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere. For instance, lingual gyrus on the medial surface extends to the inferior surface as the parahippocampal gyrus, which is part of the limbic cortex. It has a small bulge called the uncus on it's anteromedial side. The parahippocampal gyrus is separated from the rest of the temporal lobe (the occipitotemporal gyrus) by a collateral sulcus, which extends forward to form the rhinal sulcus. An additional sulcus called the occipitotemporal sulcus splits the occipitotemporal gyrus into medial and lateral occipitotemporal gyri. The lateral occipitotemporal gyrus extends further laterally on the superolateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere where it can be seen as the inferior temporal gyrus.

The inferior surfaces of cerebral hemispheres on both the right and left sides surround the brainstem. Within the cranial cavity, the front part of inferior surface rests upon the bony orbital plates in the anterior cranial fossa. The temporal poles fit nicely into the middle cranial fossa. Moving towards the back, including the occipital lobe, the inferior surface sits on the tentorium cerebellum, which separates the inferior surface of cerebral hemisphere above, from the cerebellum below.