Lateral sulcus

When looking at the lateral surface of the cerebrum, we can recognize the lateral sulcus as a deep groove that separates the temporal lobe below from the frontal lobe above. This groove has a central part at the base of the brain, which becomes clearer when viewed from the lower side. From there, it extends sideways between the frontal and temporal lobes. As it reaches the outer surface of the brain, the lateral sulcus divides into three branches. The first branch, called the anterior horizontal ramus, extends forward. The second branch, known as the anterior ascending ramus, extends upward for about 2.5 cm. Finally, there's the posterior ramus. This is the longest of the branches and serves as the primary continuation of the lateral sulcus towards the back. It stretches backward and upward, creating a boundary between the parietal and temporal lobes. The posterior ramus ends by being embraced by the supramarginal gyrus.

These divisions result in different regions of the cerebral cortex with distinct names. For example, below the anterior horizontal ramus, we have the pars orbitalis. Between the anterior horizontal and anterior ascending rami, we find the pars triangularis. Behind the anterior ascending ramus is the pars opercularis. These divisions give rise to specific areas within the cerebral cortex.