Mucosa of pharynx

The mucosa of pharynx, that forms the innermost lining of the pharyngeal cavity and varies structurally according to the functional role of each part of the pharynx. It is continuous with the mucosal lining of the nasal cavity, auditory tubes, the nasal cavities, the mouth, and larynx.

Nasopharyngeal mucosa

In the nasopharynx, the mucosa is lined predominantly by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium) with goblet cells, reflecting its respiratory function. This mucosa helps humidify, warm, and filter inspired air. Beneath the mucosa lies abundant lymphoid tissue, including the pharyngeal tonsil.

Oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal mucosa

In contrast to the nasopharynx, the oropharynx and laryngopharynx are lined mainly by non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, which provides protection against mechanical abrasion during swallowing. The mucosa in the oropharynx is closely associated with lymphoid tissue such as the palatine tonsils within the tonsillar fossae and the lingual tonsil at the base of the tongue.

Underneath the pharyngeal mucosa, the submucosa contains numerous pharyngeal mucous glands that secrete the mucous onto the mucosal surface and maintain surface lubrication and facilitate the passage of food. It is supported by the pharyngobasilar fascia, which anchors the mucosa to the muscular wall of the pharynx.