Transverse colon

The transverse colon is the longest and most mobile part of the colon, extending from the right colic (hepatic) flexure to the left colic (splenic) flexure across the upper abdomen. It is an intraperitoneal structure suspended by the transverse mesocolon. Like other parts of the colon, it is characterized by the presence of taeniae coli, haustra, and omental appendices.

Function

The transverse colon functions primarily in the absorption of water and electrolytes and the transport of fecal material toward the distal large intestine.

Blood supply

Its proximal two-thirds are derived from the midgut and supplied by the middle colic artery, whereas the distal one-third is derived from the hindgut and supplied by branches of the left colic artery. Venous drainage follows the corresponding veins into the superior and inferior mesenteric venous systems.

Innervation

Parasympathetic innervation is provided by the vagus nerve in the proximal two-thirds and by the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4) in the distal one-third, reflecting the embryological transition between the midgut and hindgut at approximately the left third of the transverse colon.