Vertebra T5

The thoracic vertebra T5 (5th thoracic vertebra) is part of the middle thoracic spine and has several distinct anatomical features.

• The vertebral body of T5 is heart-shaped and larger than those of the cervical vertebrae but smaller than those of the lumbar vertebrae.

• The vertebral foramen is circular and smaller compared to the cervical vertebrae.

• The transverse processes of T5 are long and strong, and they project posterolaterally. Each transverse process has a costal facet for articulation with the tubercle of the corresponding rib.

• The spinous process of T5 is long, slender, and directed downward, overlapping the vertebra below.

• The pedicles are short and stout, and the laminae are broad and thick. The superior articular facets face posteriorly and slightly laterally, while the inferior articular facets face anteriorly and slightly medially, allowing for limited rotation and flexion/extension movements.

• The arch, which includes the pedicles and laminae, encloses the spinal cord and provides attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

• The vertebral canal at T5 is relatively narrow, reflecting the smaller size of the spinal cord in the thoracic region compared to the cervical and lumbar regions.

The anatomical relationships of T5 with surrounding structures are also important. On CT axial slices, the trachea is located between 12 and 1 o'clock relative to the vertebral body, and the esophagus is positioned at 11 o'clock. The aorta starts at 10 o'clock at this level