Vertebra T9

The thoracic vertebra T9 (9th thoracic vertebra) is part of the lower thoracic spine and has several distinct anatomical features:

• The vertebral body of T9 is heart-shaped and larger than those of the upper thoracic vertebrae.

• The vertebral foramen is relatively small and circular.

• The spinous process of T9 is long and points downward, overlapping the vertebra below.

• The transverse processes are robust and project laterally, each containing a costal facet for articulation with the tubercle of the ninth rib.

• The superior articular facets of T9 face posteriorly and slightly laterally, while the inferior articular facets face anteriorly and slightly medially, allowing for limited rotation and flexion-extension movements.

• The pedicles are short and stout, and the laminae are broad and thick, forming the vertebral arch that protects the spinal cord.

• The vertebral canal at T9 is typically inverted oval-shaped, with the length greater than the width, which is consistent with the middle thoracic vertebrae.