Vertebra C3

The cervical vertebra C3 (3rd cervical vertebra) is part of the subaxial cervical spine and exhibits several distinct anatomical features. The vertebral body of C3 is relatively small and rectangular in shape. The superior and inferior surfaces are concave, and the anterior surface is convex. The vertebral foramen is large and triangular, accommodating the spinal cord.

The transverse processes of C3 contain transverse foramina, which allow passage of the vertebral arteries. The transverse processes also have anterior and posterior tubercles, which serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

The spinous process of C3 is typically bifid, meaning it splits into two projections, which is a characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae from C2 to C6.[1] The articular processes form the facet joints, with the superior articular facets facing upward and backward, and the inferior articular facets facing downward and forward, facilitating a range of motion in the neck.

The uncinate processes, which are hook-like projections on the lateral edges of the superior surface of the vertebral body, are less pronounced at C3 compared to the mid-cervical levels (C4-C6).[2] These processes help to stabilize the cervical spine and limit lateral flexion.