Joints of thoracic limb

The joints of thoracic limb are the set of junctions between the bones that make up the arm, forearm, hand, shoulder, and shoulder girdle.

Numerous and varied, they are characterized by significant mobility, variable stability, and functional complexity. The main joints are:

• The shoulder joint, between the scapula and the humerus

• The elbow joint, between the humerus, the radius, and the ulna

• The proximal radioulnar joint, between the articular circumference of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna

• The distal radioulnar joint, between the ulnar notch of the radius and the articular circumference of the ulna

• The joints of the hand, which themselves include the carpal joints, the intermetacarpal joints, the metacarpophalangeal joints, and the interphalangeal joints.