Distal interphalangeal joints of foot

The distal interphalangeal joints of the foot (DIP joints) are synovial hinge joints located between the head of the middle phalanx and the base of the distal phalanx of the second through fifth toes. Each joint is stabilized by a joint capsule, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and a plantar (volar) plate. The extensor digitorum longus and brevis tendons insert dorsally, while the flexor digitorum longus tendon inserts on the plantar aspect of the distal phalanx, providing dynamic stabilization and facilitating toe flexion and extension. The articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage, and the joint is surrounded by synovium.