Anatomic caudal distal femoral angle - Dog - axes and angles - Thigh bone [Femur] - vet-Anatomy
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Anatomic caudal distal femoral angle

Anatomic caudal distal femoral angle

  • Acronym: aCdDFA

Definition

Stephan Mahler

The anatomic caudal distal femoral angle is a measurement for assessing angular deformities of the femur and provide guidance their correction. It is determined in the sagittal plane from a medio-lateral radiograph of the entire femur, or from a multiplanar reconstruction of the femur. In radiography, positioning is considered satisfactory if the medial condyle and lateral condyle are superimposed.

The anatomic caudal distal femoral angle is defined as the angle between the distal anatomic femoral axis and the distal femoral joint orientation line.

The following values have been published in healthy small-breed dogs for the anatomic caudal distal femoral angle:

  • Poodle toy: 104.3 +/- 2.1° (Radiograph) Yasukawa et al 2016

  • Poodle toy: 102.9 +/- 3.2° (CT) Yasukawa et al 2016

  • Chihuahua: 103.8 +/- 2.6° (Radiography)Phetkaew et al 2018

  • Chihuahua: 106.2 +/- 2.4° (CT) Phetkaew et al 2018

  • Various medium and large dogs: 90.51 +/- 6.19° (CT) Kara et al. 2018

Peterson et al 2020 defined the anatomic caudal distal femoral angle as the perpendicular to the distal femoral joint orientation line, which, according to their definition, is superimposed on the Blumensaat's line. The anatomic caudal distal femoral angle is 90° for all dogs.

References

  • Kara ME, Sevil-Kilimci F, Dilek ÖG, Onar V. Proximal and distal alignment of normal canine femurs: A morphometric analysis. Ann Anat. 2018 May;217:125-128. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.006. Epub 2018 Mar 19.

  • Peterson JL, Torres BT, Hutcheson KD, Fox DB. Radiographic determination of normal canine femoral alignment in the sagittal plane: A cadaveric pilot study. Vet Surg. 2020 Aug;49(6):1230-1238. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13465. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

  • Phetkaew T, Kalpravidh M, Penchome R, Wangdee C. A Comparison of Angular Values of the Pelvic Limb with Normal and Medial Patellar Luxation Stifles in Chihuahua Dogs Using Radiography and Computed Tomography. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018 Feb;31(2):114-123. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-17-05-0067. Epub 2018 Mar 13. Erratum in: Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018 Feb;31(2):a1.

  • Yasukawa S, Edamura K, Tanegashima K, Seki M, Teshima K, Asano K, Nakayama T, Hayashi K. Evaluation of bone deformities of the femur, tibia, and patella in Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation using computed tomography. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2016;29(1):29-38. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-15-05-0089. Epub 2015 Dec 7.

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