Thoracic vertebral region [Dorsocostal region]

The thoracic vertebral region corresponds to the dorsal portion of the trunk located at the level of the thoracic vertebrae. It extends from the withers to the thoracolumbar junction and forms the main bony axis of the thorax.

Anatomically, this region includes the thoracic vertebrae, their spinous processes, the transverse processes articulated with the ribs, as well as the interspinous, supraspinous, and intertransverse ligaments. It is covered by the dorsal portions of muscles such as the trapezius, rhomboideus, latissimus dorsi, and the erector spinae group.

The morphology of the thoracic vertebral region varies among species: in horses and ruminants, the spinous processes are particularly tall and form a pronounced dorsal ridge; in dogs and cats, the region is more mobile and flexible; in humans, the thoracic vertebrae are shorter and less inclined, adapted to an upright posture and to thoracic protection.