Femoral head coverage percentage
Femoral head coverage percentage
定义
股骨头覆盖率是用于评估犬髋关节解剖学的一项测量指标。它量化了股骨头外侧及背侧的覆盖程度,用于对髋关节发育不良进行评分。该指标通过髋部腹背位X线片或多平面重建CT图像来确定。
X线评估
犬取背卧位,后肢向尾侧伸展,两侧股骨相互平行。若满足以下条件,则认为体位摆放满意:
绘制与股骨头轮廓最佳拟合的圆,以确定其圆心和直径。在两侧髋臼缘颅外侧端之间画一条连线。再画两条垂直线:第一条线与股骨头内侧面相切,第二条线与髋臼颅侧缘相切。两线之间的距离除以股骨头直径后乘以100,即得股骨头覆盖率。
CT评估
犬取背卧位,髋关节伸展、内收并轻度内旋。测量在三张连续图像上进行,所选图像应包含髋臼窝、边界清晰的髋臼顶、圆形股骨头及股骨头凹。
以两侧股骨头中心连线作为骨盆水平轴,垂直于该轴画三条竖线:第一条沿髋臼内侧缘(月状面内侧缘),第二条沿髋臼外侧缘(月状面外侧缘),第三条沿股骨头外侧缘。股骨头覆盖率为第一条线与第二条线之间的距离(a)和第一条线与第三条线之间的距离(b)之比乘以100。
Lopez等(2008)发现,存在髋关节松弛的成年混种犬的股骨头覆盖率为46.90 ± 8.25(范围6.78 – 94.10)。
Andronescu等(2015)发表了不同骨关节炎评分对应的股骨头覆盖率结果:
骨关节炎评分0:50.84 ± 6.35
骨关节炎评分1:47.87 ± 12.92
骨关节炎评分2:42.30 ± 6.33
骨关节炎评分3:30.00 ± 9.67
Andronescu等(2015)发表了46只犬在各年龄段所有骨关节炎评分合并后的股骨头覆盖率结果:
16周龄:52.80 ± 7.75
32周龄:47.73 ± 8.86
104周龄:42.60 ± 11.62
參考資料
Andronescu et al. (2015). Associations between early radiographic and computed tomographic measures and canine hip joint osteoarthritis at maturity. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 76(1), 19–27. doi:10.2460/ajvr.76.1.19
Belkoff SM, Padgett G, Soutas-Little RW. Development of a device to measure canine coxofemoral joint laxity. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1989, 2, 31-36.
Lopez et al. (2008) Relationships among measurements obtained by use of computed tomography and radiography and scores of cartilage microdamage in hip joints with moderate to severe joint laxity of adult dogs. Am J Vet Res. Mar;69(3):362-70. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.69.3.362.
Pinna S, Pizzuti E, Carli F. Effects of intertrochanteric varus osteotomy on Norberg angle and percent coverage of the femoral head in displastic dogs. J Vet Sci. 2013;14(2):185-91. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.2.185.
Schachner and Lopez (2015) Diagnosis, prevention, and management of canine hip dysplasia: a review. Vet Med (Auckl). May 19;6:181-192. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S53266.