Femoral inclination angle
Femoral inclination angle
定义
股骨倾斜角是用于评估股骨角度畸形并指导矫正的测量指标,通过股骨的X线片及多平面重建图像来确定。
股骨倾斜角在额状面上由髋关节腹背位X线片确定。犬取背卧位,后肢向尾侧伸展,两侧股骨相互平行。若满足以下条件,则认为摆位合格:
目前已有多种方法用于确定股骨倾斜角:
Montavon法与Hauptman A法
Symax法
画一个尽可能贴合股骨头的圆,确定股骨头的圆心。再在股骨近端画第二个圆,使其在三处(近侧、内侧及外侧)与股骨边缘相切,确定该圆的圆心。股骨颈轴即为连接上述两个圆心的直线。
Hauptman A法
分别在股骨近端和远端各画一个圆,使其在三处不同位置(内侧、外侧及近侧或远侧)与股骨边缘相切,确定两圆的圆心并连成一条直线。股骨倾斜角即为该直线与股骨颈轴之间的夹角。
以下为不同品种犬股骨倾斜角的已发表数据。
大型品种:146.2 +/- 4.8°(Hauptman et al. 1979)
小型品种:130 +/- 6.5°(Olimpo et al. 2016)
小型品种:129°(117-146)(Garnoeva et al. 2018)
小型与大型品种混合:148.8 +/- 3.7°(Montavon et al. 1985)
小型与大型品种混合:146.24 +/- 5.49°(Kara et al. 2018)
德国牧羊犬:129.90 +/- 0.46°(Sarierler 2004)
德国牧羊犬:132 +/- 5.9°(Tomlinson et al. 2007)
拉布拉多寻回犬:131.61 +/- 0.76°(Sarierler 2004)
拉布拉多寻回犬:134 +/- 5.3°(Tomlinson et al. 2007)
波音达犬:129.84 +/- 0.98°(Sarierler 2004)
爱尔兰雪达犬:128.91 +/- 1.51°(Sarierler 2004)
安纳托利亚卡拉巴什犬:138.60 +/- 1.29°(Sarierler 2004)
杜宾犬:127.04 +/- 1.07°(Sarierler 2004)
金毛寻回犬:129.25 +/- 2.75°(Sarierler 2004);
金毛寻回犬:134 +/- 5.2°(Tomlinson et al. 2007)
罗威纳犬:137 +/- 5.4°(Tomlinson et al. 2007)
博美犬:136.46 +/- 7.12°(Soparat et al. 2012)
约克夏梗:125.39 +/- 4.13°(Žilinčík et al. 2018)
玩具贵宾犬:127.7 +/- 6.3°(116.8 +/- 6.1° CT)(Yasukawa et al. 2016)
英国斗牛犬:129.11 +/- 8.03°(Lusetti et al. 2017)
英国斯塔福德郡斗牛梗:136.72 +/- 8.27°(Newman and Voss 2017)
吉娃娃:133.2 +/- 7.9°(CrCd);131.3 +/- 3.6°(CdCr);130.9 +/- 4.4°(CT)(Phetkaew et al. 2018)
參考資料
Aghapour M, Bockstahler B, Vidoni B. Evaluation of the Femoral and Tibial Alignments in Dogs: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel). 2021 Jun 17;11(6):1804. doi: 10.3390/ani11061804. PMID: 34204283; PMCID: PMC8234394.
Montavon PM, ; Hohn RB, Olmstead ML, Rudy RL. Inclination and Anteversion Angles of the Femoral Head and Neck in the Dog Evaluation of a Standard Method of Measurement. Vet Surg. 1985 14(4), 277–82. doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.1985.tb00883.x
Rumph PF, Hathcock JT. A symmetric axis-based method for measuring the projected femoral angle of inclination in dogs. Vet Surg. 1990 Sep-Oct;19(5):328-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1990.tb01200.x.
Hauptman J, Prieur WD, Butler HC, Guffy MM. The angles of inclination of the canine femoral head and neck. Vet Surg. 1979;8(3):74-77. doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.1979.tb00612.x
Olimpo M, Piras LA, Peirone B. Pelvic limb alignment in small breed dogs: a comparison between affected and free subjects from medial patellar luxation. Vet Ital. 2016 Jan-Mar;52(1):45-50. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.71.206.3.
Garnoeva, R, Roydev, R, Paskalev, M et al. Radiographic measures of pelvic limb malalignment in small breed dogs with various grades of medial patellar luxation. Comp Clin Pathol 2018;27, 1551–1555. doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2772-8.
Kara ME, Sevil-Kilimci F, Dilek ÖG, Onar V. Proximal and distal alignment of normal canine femurs: A morphometric analysis. Ann Anat. 2018 May;217:125-128. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.006. Epub 2018 Mar 19.
Sarierler, M. Comparison of femoral inclination angle measurements in dysplastic and nondysplastic dogs of different breeds. Acta Vet. 2004, 52, 245–252.doi: https://doi.org/10.1556/avet.52.2004.2.13
Tomlinson J, Fox D, Cook JL, Keller GG. Measurement of femoral angles in four dog breeds. Vet Surg. 2007 Aug;36(6):593-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00309.x.
Soparat C, Wangdee C, Chuthatep S, Kalpravidh M. Radiographic measurement for femoral varus in Pomeranian dogs with and without medial patellar luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2012;25(3):197-201. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-11-04-0057. Epub 2012 Jan 27.
Žilinčík M, Hluchý M, Takáč L, Ledecký V. Comparison of Radiographic Measurements of the Femur in Yorkshire Terriers with and without Medial Patellar Luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018 Jan;31(1):17-22. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-17-01-0018. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
Yasukawa S, Edamura K, Tanegashima K, Seki M, Teshima K, Asano K, Nakayama T, Hayashi K. Evaluation of bone deformities of the femur, tibia, and patella in Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation using computed tomography. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2016;29(1):29-38. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-15-05-0089. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
Lusetti F, Bonardi A, Eid C, Brandstetter de Belesini A, Martini FM. Pelvic limb alignment measured by computed tomography in purebred English Bulldogs with medial patellar luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2017 May 10;30(3):200-208. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-16-07-0116. Epub 2017 May 5.
Newman M, Voss K. Computed tomographic evaluation of femoral and tibial conformation in English Staffordshire Bull Terriers with and without congenital medial patellar luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2017 May 22;30(3):191-199. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-16-12-0162. Epub 2017 Mar 23. Erratum in: Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2017 Jul 10;30(4)
Phetkaew T, Kalpravidh M, Penchome R, Wangdee C. A Comparison of Angular Values of the Pelvic Limb with Normal and Medial Patellar Luxation Stifles in Chihuahua Dogs Using Radiography and Computed Tomography. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018 Feb;31(2):114-123. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-17-05-0067. Epub 2018 Mar 13. Erratum in: Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018 Feb;31(2):a1.