Anatomic lateral distal femoral angle
Anatomic lateral distal femoral angle
定义
解剖学外侧股骨远端角（aLDFA）是一种用于评估股骨角度畸形并为矫正手术提供指导的测量指标。该角度通过髋部及股骨的腹背位X线片或股骨的多平面重建CT图像来确定。进行X线摄影时，犬置于背卧位，后肢向尾侧伸展，两侧股骨相互平行。若满足以下条件，则认为体位摆放合格：
解剖学外侧股骨远端角的测量方法为：在额状面上，股骨解剖轴与股骨远端关节定向线的交叉角。
以下为已发表的犬解剖学外侧股骨远端角研究结果：
小型犬：95.3+/-3.5°（X线片）Olimpo et al. 2016
小型犬：96°（75-114）（X线片）Garnoeva et al. 2018
拉布拉多寻回犬：97+/-3.2°（X线片）Tomlinson et al. 2007
金毛寻回犬：97+/- 2.8°（X线片）Tomlinson et al. 2007
德国牧羊犬：94 +/- 3.3°（X线片）Tomlinson et al. 2007
罗威纳犬：98+/-3.5°（X线片）Tomlinson et al. 2007
博美犬：95.21 +/- 3.48°（X线片）Soparat et al. 2012
玩具贵宾犬：94.4+/- 4.1°（X线片）Yasukawa et al. 2016
吉娃娃：101.2+/-4.8°（X线摄影 CrCd）；97.1 +/-3.8（X线摄影 CdCr）；95.7 +/-3.6（CT）Phetkaew et al. 2018
约克夏梗：95.63 +/- 2.14°（X线摄影）Žilinčík et al. 2018
英国斗牛犬：92.33 +/-4.75°（CT）Lusetti et al 2017
多品种：93.35 +/-3.16°（CT）Kara et al 2017
玩具贵宾犬：90.3+/- 2.8°（CT）Yasukawa et al. 2017
英国斗牛犬及斯塔福德郡斗牛梗：96.18+/- 4.06°（CT）Newman and Voss 2017
參考資料
Garnoeva, R, Roydev, R, Paskalev, M et al. Radiographic measures of pelvic limb malalignment in small breed dogs with various grades of medial patellar luxation. Comp Clin Pathol 2018;27, 1551–1555. doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2772-8.
Kara ME, Sevil-Kilimci F, Dilek ÖG, Onar V. Proximal and distal alignment of normal canine femurs: A morphometric analysis. Ann Anat. 2018 May;217:125-128. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.006. Epub 2018 Mar 19.
Lusetti F, Bonardi A, Eid C, Brandstetter de Belesini A, Martini FM. Pelvic limb alignment measured by computed tomography in purebred English Bulldogs with medial patellar luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2017 May 10;30(3):200-208. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-16-07-0116. Epub 2017 May 5.
Newman M, Voss K. Computed tomographic evaluation of femoral and tibial conformation in English Staffordshire Bull Terriers with and without congenital medial patellar luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2017 May 22;30(3):191-199. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-16-12-0162. Epub 2017 Mar 23. Erratum in: Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2017 Jul 10;30(4)
Olimpo M, Piras LA, Peirone B. Pelvic limb alignment in small breed dogs: a comparison between affected and free subjects from medial patellar luxation. Vet Ital. 2016 Jan-Mar;52(1):45-50. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.71.206.3.
Phetkaew T, Kalpravidh M, Penchome R, Wangdee C. A Comparison of Angular Values of the Pelvic Limb with Normal and Medial Patellar Luxation Stifles in Chihuahua Dogs Using Radiography and Computed Tomography. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018 Feb;31(2):114-123. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-17-05-0067. Epub 2018 Mar 13. Erratum in: Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018 Feb;31(2):a1.
Soparat C, Wangdee C, Chuthatep S, Kalpravidh M. Radiographic measurement for femoral varus in Pomeranian dogs with and without medial patellar luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2012;25(3):197-201. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-11-04-0057. Epub 2012 Jan 27.
Tomlinson J, Fox D, Cook JL, Keller GG. Measurement of femoral angles in four dog breeds. Vet Surg. 2007 Aug;36(6):593-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00309.x.
Yasukawa S, Edamura K, Tanegashima K, Seki M, Teshima K, Asano K, Nakayama T, Hayashi K. Evaluation of bone deformities of the femur, tibia, and patella in Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation using computed tomography. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2016;29(1):29-38. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-15-05-0089. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
Žilinčík M, Hluchý M, Takáč L, Ledecký V. Comparison of Radiographic Measurements of the Femur in Yorkshire Terriers with and without Medial Patellar Luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018 Jan;31(1):17-22. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-17-01-0018. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
