Central sulcus

The central sulcus, which is also referred to as the Rolando fissure or central fissure, is located approximately in the middle of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It can be observed starting from the upper edge of the hemisphere, close to the longitudinal cerebral fissure but slightly behind its midpoint. The sulcus runs downward and forward, ending just above the posterior ramus of the lateral fissure and slightly behind its anterior ascending ramus.

Its primary role involves separating the pre-central gyrus in front from the post-central gyrus behind, effectively dividing the primary motor and sensory areas. Additionally, on the inner surface of the cerebral hemisphere, the central sulcus extends inward and is surrounded or encircled by a U-shaped gyrus called the paracentral lobule. This lobule represents the continuation of the pre- and post-central gyri onto the medial surface.

The pre- and post-central gyri, situated in front of and behind the central sulcus respectively, organize and control the motor and sensory regions of the body. These areas are commonly referred to as the motor and sensory homunculi.