Inferior conjunctival fornix - Eye - Orbital cavity - e-Anatomy
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Inferior conjunctival fornix

Fornix inferior conjunctivae

Definition

Antoine Micheau & Muhammad A. Javaid

The inferior conjunctival fornix is the lower reflection of the conjunctiva where the palpebral conjunctiva lining the lower eyelid becomes continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva covering the anterior sclera. It forms the inferior part of the conjunctival sac and lies between the lower eyelid and the globe.

The inferior conjunctival fornix is a loose and highly flexible fold that permits free movement of the eyeball and eyelids. Compared with the superior fornix, it is relatively shallower.

Histology

Histologically, it is lined by nonkeratinized stratified columnar epithelium rich in goblet cells, which secrete mucin contributing to the tear film. The underlying substantia propria contains blood vessels, lymphatics, lymphoid tissue, and immune cells forming part of the conjunctivaassociated lymphoid tissue (CALT). Accessory lacrimal glands of Krause may also be present.

Functions

Functionally, the inferior conjunctival fornix facilitates smooth ocular movement, aids in tear distribution, and contributes to lubrication and immune protection of the ocular surface.

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References

  • Standring, S. (Ed.). (2015). Eye (Chapter 42). In Gray's anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice (41st ed., pp. ). Churchill Livingstone.

  • Shumway CL, Motlagh M, Wade M. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Eye Conjunctiva. [Updated 2023 Aug 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519502/

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