棘孔
Foramen spinosum
定义
棘孔是位于蝶骨大翼的一个小开口,位于卵圆孔的后外侧。从颅底观察,该孔的后方及外侧以蝶骨棘为界。
两个重要结构——脑膜中动脉和下颌神经的脑膜返支——穿过棘孔进入颅腔。脑膜中动脉在骨面上形成的骨沟可从棘孔处追踪,沿颞区内表面向外上方延伸。在此区域,上述结构易因颞区骨折而撕裂,从而导致一种严重情况,即硬膜外血肿。
參考資料
Lipsett BJ, Alsayouri K. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Skull Foramen. [Updated 2023 Apr 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546621/
Standring, S. (2016). ‘Chapter 32: Infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae and temporomandibular joint’ in Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. (41st ed.) New York NY: Elsevier, pp. 536.
Standring, S. (2016). ‘Chapter 27: External skull’ in Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. (41st ed.) New York NY: Elsevier, pp. 422.