Macula

The macula is the area of the visual retina where visual acuity is highest. It lies in a central position, slightly dorsal to the disc of optic nerve, in the lower region of the tapetum lucidum. It has no clear demarcation.

The macula's high visual acuity is explained by its greater number of photoreceptor cells.

In domestic animals, the macula has no central depression or yellow tint, inlike in humans, it can only be distinguished by the absence of major blood vessels in this region.

It can take two different forms:

• Circular, the most common form

• Linear, in the transverse plane, mainly in herbivores