Mediastinum
Mediastinum
Definition
The mediastinum is the space located between the two pleural sacs (right and left) within the thoracic cavity. It extends from the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm and contains nearly all thoracic structures (except the lungs), such as the heart, esophagus, and trachea.
In dogs, cats, and horses, the mediastinum is fenestrated, meaning that a unilateral pleural condition (effusion or pneumothorax) can rapidly become bilateral.
In ruminants, pigs, and humans, the mediastinum is non-fenestrated.
References
König HE, Liebich HG. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas. 7th ed. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2020.
Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG. Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 5th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2017.
Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (NAV). 6th ed. Hannover: Editorial Committee, World Association of Veterinary Anatomists; 2017.
