Prevertebral fascia

The prevertebral fascia—the deepest layer of the deep cervical fascia—forms a strong fibrous sheath that encloses the vertebral column, associated pre- and para-vertebral muscles, and cervical sympathetic trunk.

• Extending from the base of the skull to the upper thoracic region, the prevertebral fascia attaches superiorly to the basilar part of the occipital bone, posteriorly to the ligamentum nuchae.

• Inferiorly blends with the anterior longitudinal ligament and the suprapleural (Sibson’s) fascia over the cervical pleura.

• Laterally, the prevertebral fascia extends to the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and continues into the axillary sheath, enclosing the subclavian vessels and brachial plexus.

• Anteriorly, it lies posterior to the retropharyngeal and danger spaces, separating these from the vertebral compartment.

Contents

Within its fascial envelope are the longus capitis, longus colli, scalene, levator scapulae, and deep extensor muscles of the neck.

Functions

Functionally, the prevertebral fascia provides support and compartmentalization for the vertebral and muscular structures and enables the pharynx, esophagus, and carotid sheaths to glide smoothly during neck flexion, extension, and swallowing.