Muscles of upper limb

The muscles of the upper limb can be categorized based on their anatomical regions: the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.

Scapulohmeral muscles (muscles of shoulder)

• Deltoid: clavicular, acromial and scapular parts.

• Rotator Cuff Muscles: Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

• Teres major muscle

• (Other Muscles: Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and serratus anterior.)

Muscles of arm:

• Anterior Compartment: Biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis.

• Posterior Compartment: Triceps brachii and anconeus.

Muscles of forearm:

Anterior Compartment (Flexors): Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus.

Posterior Compartment (Extensors): Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis.

Muscles of hand:

Thenar Muscles: Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, and adductor pollicis.

Hypothenar Muscles: Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi.

Lumbricals and Interossei: Four lumbricals, three palmar interossei, and four dorsal interossei.

These muscles collectively facilitate a wide range of movements and functions of the upper limb, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, pronation, and supination.