Saphenofemoral junction

The saphenofemoral junction is the anatomical site where the great saphenous vein joins the common femoral vein in the upper thigh, just inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle. The great saphenous vein ascends medially along the lower limb and passes through the cribriform fascia before terminating at the common femoral vein. At this junction, the great saphenous vein typically receives several tributaries, including the superficial epigastric vein, superficial circumflex iliac vein, and external pudendal vein. The anterior saphenous vein may also join at this site, most commonly above the preterminal valve of the great saphenous vein.

The saphenofemoral junction is located, on average, 2.4 centimeters lateral and 1 centimeter inferior to the pubic tubercle, but its position can vary between individuals and between sexes, being slightly closer to the pubic tubercle in women. Anatomical variations are common, including bifid systems of the great saphenous vein, variable numbers of tributaries, and rare inter-arterial courses.The external pudendal artery may cross anterior or posterior to the great saphenous vein or its tributaries, which is relevant for surgical identification.

A terminal valve is present just distal to the junction, and a preterminal valve is located further distally in the great saphenous vein. The common femoral vein may also contain valves proximal to the junction.