Ileal arteries

The ileal arteries are branches of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) that supply the ileum, the final section of the small intestine. The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) typically gives rise to multiple ileal arteries, which travel through the mesentery to reach the ileum. These arteries can be categorized into short and long vessels based on their length and the regions they supply.

The short ileal arteries primarily supply the mesenteric border of the ileum and are considered end arteries, meaning they have limited or no anastomoses with other vessels. This anatomical feature can make the mesenteric border more susceptible to ischemia if these arteries are occluded.[1]

The long ileal arteries, on the other hand, supply the antimesenteric border of the ileum and have more extensive anastomotic connections, providing a more robust blood supply to this region.[1]