Medial border of scapula

The medial border of scapula, also called the vertebral border, is the longest edge of the scapula. It runs parallel to the vertebral column, extending from the superior angle at the top to the inferior angle at the bottom. This border serves as an attachment site for several muscles that are important for scapular movement and stability.

Muscle attached to the medial border of the scapula

1. Anterior (costal) aspect

• Serratus anterior: This muscle attaches to the anterior (costal) surface of the medial border. It plays a key role in protracting the scapula, holding it against the thoracic wall, and assisting in the upward rotation of the scapula during arm elevation..

2. Posterior aspect

• Levator scapulae: This muscle attaches to the posterior surface of the medial border, above the scapular spine. It elevates the scapula and assists in downward rotation.

• Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor: These muscles also attach to the posterior surface of the medial border. The rhomboid minor originates from the spinous processes of C7 to T1 and attaches to the medial border near the spine of the scapula, while the rhomboid major originates from the spinous processes of T2 to T5 and attaches to the medial border below the spine. Both muscles are responsible for retracting the scapula and assisting in downward rotation.