Walls of heart

The heart is composed of several distinct anatomical walls, each corresponding to the surfaces and internal partitions of the organ. The different walls of the heartmay be subdivided into:

• External walls: The heart has a base, an apex and four main external surfaces (anterior (sternocostal), inferior (diaphragmatic), and right and left (pulmonary). These surfaces are separated by well-defined borders (right, left, and inferior margins).

• Internal walls (chamber walls and septa): The heart is divided into four chambers by internal walls. The interatrial septum separates the right and left atria, while the interventricular septum divides the right and left ventricles.