Ethmoturbinate

The ethmoturbinates are delicate, coiled bony structures that make up the ethmoid labyrinths of the ethmoid bone. These structures project from the dorsal and lateral walls of the ethmoid, organizing themselves into two main categories: endoturbinates, which form the dorsal and middle nasal conchae, and ectoturbinates.

They are presented in two rows; however, equines are an exception, possessing three rows. Each ethmoturbinate has a basal lamella that attaches to the ethmoid bone or the cribriform plate, and a spiral lamella that projects into the nasal cavity and forms the ethmoid meatuses.

The conformation and quantity of these structures can vary between species, being numerous in equines and highly specialized in dogs.