Atlas of lower limb anatomy

Atlas of lower limb anatomy

Atlas of lower limb anatomy


This module contains 119 illustrations with 640 anatomical structures labeled.

This atlas of human anatomy was created for medicine students and particularly for those preparing for the first year of medical studies (PCEM1), for pharmacology students preparing for the first year of pharmacological studies (PCEP1) and for health professionals (nursing students, physiotherapy, osteopathy, manipulative radiology, physicians, surgeons, radiologists) in orthopedics, rheumatology, functional rehabilitation, radiology...

 

Hip bone; Coxal bone; Pelvic bone - Lateral view : 3D pictures, Anatomy atlas, Pelvic girdle,  Hip bone; Coxal bone; Pelvic bone, Acetabulum,  Acetabular margin,  Acetabular fossa,  Acetabular notch,  Lunate surface,  Ischiopubic ramus,  Obturator foramen,  Greater sciatic notch,  Ilium,  Body of ilium Supraacetabular groove Ala of ilium; Wing of ilium Arcuate line Iliac crest, Outer lip,  Tuberculum of iliac crest,  Intermediate line , Anterior superior iliac spine,  Anterior inferior iliac spine  ,Posterior superior iliac spine,  Posterior inferior iliac spine,  Gluteal surface,  Anterior gluteal line,  Posterior gluteal line,  Inferior gluteal line,  Ischium,  Body of ischium,  Ramus of ischium,  Ischial tuberosity,  Ischial spine,  Lesser sciatic notch,  Pubis,  Body,  Pubic tubercle,  Pubic crest,  Superior pubic ramus,  Obturator crest,  Obturator groove
Hip bone; Coxal bone; Pelvic bone , Lateral view : 3D pictures

 

Illustrations of the anatomy of the lower limb

These colored illustrations were created in vector format using Adobe Illustrator in order to be perfectly adapted to the web. These original anatomical drawings were created by Antoine Micheau - MD. They were then integrated in the module by Denis Hoa -MD using Adobe Animate.

This module was divided in several chapters:

  • Regions of the lower limb illustrated by anterior and posterior views of the hip, thigh, knee, leg, ankle, tarsus, and toes of the feet allowing to view regions such as the gluteal region the femoral triangle (Scarpa), the popliteal fossa, the sural region (calf), the ankle region, the dorsum of the foot and plantar region.

 

Regions of lower limb - Illustrations: A. Micheau - MD - E-anatomy, Imaios : Gluteal region, Intergluteal cleft; Natal cleft, Gluteal fold, Hip region, Femoral region, Anterior region of thigh, Femoral triangle, Posterior region of thigh, Knee region, Anterior region of knee, Posterior region of knee, Popliteal fossa, Leg region, Anterior region of leg, Posterior region of leg, Sural region, Anterior talocrural region; Anterior ankle region, Posterior talocrural region; Posterior ankle region, Lateral retromalleolar region, Medial retromalleolar region, Foot region, Heel region, Dorsum of foot; Dorsal region of foot, Sole; Plantar region, Ankle region, Metatarsal region, Digits of foot; Toes
Regions of lower limb : Illustrations: A. Micheau - MD , E-anatomy, Imaios

 

  • The osteology of the lower limb is particularly detailed, with 3D view and patterns of bone structures and muscle insertions and ligaments of the hip bone, the femur, the patella, tibia, the fibula, tibial plateau, the tibial pilon, the foot (talus, calcaneus, cuboid, cuneiform bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges proximal, middle and distal). First, a posterior and anterior view of the lower limb skeleton allows the different joints (sacroiliac joint, hip joint, upper and lower tibio-fibular joint, joints of the foot) to be displayed.

 

Human anatomy : Bones of upper limb - Joints of lower limb / Hip bone; Coxal bone; Pelvic bone, Femur; Thigh bone, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Bones of foot, Tarsal bones, Metatarsals [I-V], Phalanges, Sacroiliac joint, Hip joint, Knee joint, Tibiofibular joint; Superior tibiofibular joint, Tibiofibular syndesmosis; Inferior tibiofibular joint, Joints of foot
Bones of upper limb , Joints of lower limb : Drawings

 

  • The chapter on the various joints of the lower limb shows the ligaments and articulatory structures:    
    • Articulations of the pelvic girdle with the sacroiliac, sacrospinous, sacrotuberous and sacrococcygeal ligaments delimiting the greater sciatic foramen and the lesser sciatic foramen.
    • An anterolateral view of the hip joint showing the articular surface of the femoral head, the ligament of the femoral head, the acetabular labrum (cotyloid ligament), the orbicularis zone (annular ligament) and the insertion of the articulatory capsule.
    • A sagittal section of the knee joint to view the joint cavity with recesses, meniscal structures, patellar and arcuate popliteal ligament, and bursa of the knee (infrapatellar bursa, subcutaneous...).
    • 4 anatomical drawings showing the knee joint in anterior and posterior views with superficial and deep layers, describing the anatomy of the cruciate ligaments, menisci, collateral ligaments, the patellar ligament...
    • Finally, the user will find illustrations of anatomical joints of the ankle, tarsus, metatarsus and toes, including the tibial-fibular ligaments, the collateral ligaments of the ankle, the bifurcated ligament, the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament), the long plantar ligament and all the ligaments comprising the transverse tarsal joints (Chopart ligament), tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc ligaments) and ankle (talocrural joint).

 

Knee joint - Tibia/Superior articular surface : Lateral meniscus, Medial meniscus, Anterior cruciate ligament,  Posterior cruciate ligament, Fibular collateral ligament, Tibial collateral ligament, Tibiofibular joint; Superior tibiofibular joint
Knee joint , Tibia/Superior articular surface : Superior view

 

  • The myology of the lower limb is also particularly well represented in this atlas of anatomy, with multiple anatomical charts and diagrams:
    • The first diagram summarizes the different muscular compartments (fascial compartments) of the thigh and leg, and the different fascias (crural fascia, intermuscular septum, interosseous membrane, adductor canal, fascia lata)
    • A diagram of the pelvis in medial view shows the muscles such as the psoas major, the iliac, piriformis and obturator internus muscles.
    • 3 illustrations of the anterior thigh region detail the anatomy of the femoral quadriceps muscle (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius muscles), the gracilis, sartorius and the adductors.

 

Muscles; Muscular system - Human body : Anterior compartment of thigh - Human anatomy :Iliacus, Psoas major, Tensor of fascia lata, Sartorius,  Quadriceps femori,  Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis,  Vastus intermedius,  Vastus medialis, Pectineus, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Iliotibial tract, Lateral patellar retinaculum, Medial patellar retinaculum, Patellar ligament
Muscles; Muscular system , Human body : Anterior compartment of thigh

 

  • 4 diagrams of the posterior thigh and gluteal regions illustrate muscular structures such as the gluteus maximus, medius and minimus muscles as well as the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, semimembranosus and quadrates femoris muscles
    • A side view of the muscles of the thigh shows the tensor fascia lata muscle and iliotibial tract.
    • A representation of the anterior region of the leg describes the tibialis anterior muscle and its tendon, the extensor digitorum longus and the extensor hallucis longus muscles.
    • 3 anatomical drawings of the posterior region of the leg allow the user to view the gastrocnemius muscle (medial and lateral head), the soleus, popliteus, the plantaris muscle, long and short peroneal muscles as well as the flexor muscle of the hallux and the flexor digitorum longus muscle.
    • A lateral view of the leg and anterior view of the ankle on anatomical illustrations of the tendons of the long and short fibular muscles, the tendons of the extensor hallucis longus and all the tendons viewed at the dorsal surface of the foot. On this anatomical image it is also possible to view the extensor retinaculum.
    • 5 diagrams of the different muscle layers of the sole of the foot describe the muscle layers of the foot, from the most superficial (plantar aponeurosis, abductor hallucis muscle) to the deepest (quadratus plantæ, adductor hallucis and plantar interossei muscles).
    • A medial view of the ankle shows the retinacula of the flexors and extensors, the synovial sheaths and the relationship between the tendons and neurovascular structures located behind the medial malleolus.

 

Ankle/Medial border of foot; Tibial border of foot Medical illustrations : Flexor digitorum longus, Calcaneal tendon, Medial malleolus, Tendinous sheath of tibialis anterior, Tendinous sheath of extensor hallucis longus, Groove for tendon of fibularis longus; Groove for tendon of peroneus longus, Tendon, Inferior extensor retinaculum, Flexor retinaculum, Subcutaneous bursa of medial malleolus, Ankle joint, Calcaneus
Ankle : Medial view

 

  • The chapter arteries details the trajectory and branches of the internal iliac artery, the external iliac, primitive iliac, common femoral, deep and superficial popliteal arteries as well as the anterior tibial, posterior tibial, fibular (peroneal), dorsalis pedis and deep plantar arch arteries.

 

Arteries of lower limb - Thigh - Human anatomy : Femoral artery, Deep artery of thigh, Popliteal artery, Anterior tibial artery, Posterior tibial artery, Fibular artery, Adductor hiatus, Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Arteries of lower limb , Thigh : Anterior view

 

  • Two diagrams describe the superficial venous vasculature of the thigh and leg (great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein).
  • A diagram shows the various inguinal lymph nodes (lymphatic ganglia).
  • The chapter on the innervation of the lower limb presents diagrams of the lumbosacral plexus and its main nerve branches for the lower limb (lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, femoral nerve, sciatic nerve and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh and obturator nerve). The dermatomes of the lower limb can be viewed in anterior and posterior views, including the dermatomes of the saphenous nerve, sural nerve, cutaneous nerve and peroneal nerve.

 

Lumbosacral plexus - Anatomy : Human anatomy : Lumbar nerves [L1-L5], Lumbar plexus, Sacral plexus, Lumbosacral trunk, Coccygeal plexus, Anococcygeal nerve, Coccygeal nerve, Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh; Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, Lateral sural cutaneous nerve, Nerve to quadratus femoris, Nerve to obturator internus, Nerve to piriformis, Femoral nerve, Genitofemoral nerve, Inferior gluteal nerve, Superior gluteal nerve, Iliohypogastric nerve; Iliopubic nerve, Ilioinguinal nerve, Obturator nerve, Sciatic nerve, Sural nerve, Tibial nerve
Lumbosacral plexus , Anatomy : Human anatomy

 

  • The last chapter of this human anatomy module presents anatomical sections of the lower limb, focusing on the gluteal region, the thigh, the femoral region, a section of the popliteal fossa, anatomical sections of the leg, an axial section of the ankle, a frontal section of the tarsus area and a frontal section of the forefoot.

 

Cross section - Anatomy (Transverse/Axial): Hip, Buttocks, Pelvic girdle, Thigh : Hip joint, Head of femur, Femoral artery, Femoral vein, Sciatic nerve, Tensor of fascia lata, Gluteus maximus, Acetabular fossa, Obturator internus, Fovea for ligament of head
Cross section , Anatomy (Transverse/Axial): Hip, Buttocks, Pelvic girdle, Thigh

 

Cross section - Human body  - Leg/Calf : Tibia, Fibula, Interosseous membrane of leg, Posterior intermuscular septum of leg, Deep fascia of leg, Small saphenous vein; Short saphenous vein, Great saphenous vein, Sural veins, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, Fibularis tertius; Peroneus tertius, Extensor hallucis longus, Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, Triceps surae, Plantaris, Popliteus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus ,Extensor hallucis brevis, Extensor digitorum brevis, Abductor hallucis, Flexor hallucis brevis, Adductor hallucis
Cross section , Human body (Axial/Transverse) : Leg/Calf

 

How to display of the anatomical labels of the lower limb and use of this online atlas of human anatomy

On "Anatomical parts" the user can choose to display the labels by type: region, bones: skeletal system, joints, ligaments, muscles, muscular system, tendons, fascia, synovial bursa, arteries, veins, lymph nodes (ganglia) and nerves of the lower limb

 

Dorsum of foot - Anatomy : Bones; Skeletal system, Joints of foot, Muscles Attachment, Tarsal bones,  Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial cuneiform,  Intermediate cuneiform; Middle cuneiform,  Lateral cuneiform,  Cuboid, Metatarsals [I-V], Phalanges, Sesamoid bones, Subtalar joint; Talocalcaneal joint, Transverse tarsal joint,  Talocalcaneonavicular joint, Calcaneocuboid joint,  Cuneonavicular joint, Intercuneiform joints, Tarsometatarsal joints, Interphalangeal joints of foot
Dorsum of foot , Anatomy : Bones; Skeletal system, Joints of foot

 

On "Series" the user can access the different chapters.

 

Terminology of the anatomical structures of the lower limb

The anatomical structures were labeled by Antoine Micheau M.D. (Radiologist, Montpellier – France), using the Terminologia Anatomica.

Hip bone; Coxal bone; Pelvic bone - Lateral view : 3D pictures, Anatomy atlas, Pelvic girdle,  Hip bone; Coxal bone; Pelvic bone, Acetabulum,  Acetabular margin,  Acetabular fossa,  Acetabular notch,  Lunate surface,  Ischiopubic ramus,  Obturator foramen,  Greater sciatic notch,  Ilium,  Body of ilium Supraacetabular groove Ala of ilium; Wing of ilium Arcuate line Iliac crest, Outer lip,  Tuberculum of iliac crest,  Intermediate line , Anterior superior iliac spine,  Anterior inferior iliac spine  ,Posterior superior iliac spine,  Posterior inferior iliac spine,  Gluteal surface,  Anterior gluteal line,  Posterior gluteal line,  Inferior gluteal line,  Ischium,  Body of ischium,  Ramus of ischium,  Ischial tuberosity,  Ischial spine,  Lesser sciatic notch,  Pubis,  Body,  Pubic tubercle,  Pubic crest,  Superior pubic ramus,  Obturator crest,  Obturator groove
Hip bone; Coxal bone; Pelvic bone , Lateral view : 3D pictures
Regions of lower limb - Illustrations: A. Micheau - MD - E-anatomy, Imaios : Gluteal region, Intergluteal cleft; Natal cleft, Gluteal fold, Hip region, Femoral region, Anterior region of thigh, Femoral triangle, Posterior region of thigh, Knee region, Anterior region of knee, Posterior region of knee, Popliteal fossa, Leg region, Anterior region of leg, Posterior region of leg, Sural region, Anterior talocrural region; Anterior ankle region, Posterior talocrural region; Posterior ankle region, Lateral retromalleolar region, Medial retromalleolar region, Foot region, Heel region, Dorsum of foot; Dorsal region of foot, Sole; Plantar region, Ankle region, Metatarsal region, Digits of foot; Toes
Regions of lower limb : Illustrations: A. Micheau
Human anatomy : Bones of upper limb - Joints of lower limb / Hip bone; Coxal bone; Pelvic bone, Femur; Thigh bone, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Bones of foot, Tarsal bones, Metatarsals [I-V], Phalanges, Sacroiliac joint, Hip joint, Knee joint, Tibiofibular joint; Superior tibiofibular joint, Tibiofibular syndesmosis; Inferior tibiofibular joint, Joints of foot
Bones of upper limb , Joints of lower limb : Drawings
Knee joint - Tibia/Superior articular surface : Lateral meniscus, Medial meniscus, Anterior cruciate ligament,  Posterior cruciate ligament, Fibular collateral ligament, Tibial collateral ligament, Tibiofibular joint; Superior tibiofibular joint
Knee joint , Tibia/Superior articular surface : Superior view
Muscles; Muscular system - Human body : Anterior compartment of thigh - Human anatomy :Iliacus, Psoas major, Tensor of fascia lata, Sartorius,  Quadriceps femori,  Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis,  Vastus intermedius,  Vastus medialis, Pectineus, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Iliotibial tract, Lateral patellar retinaculum, Medial patellar retinaculum, Patellar ligament
Muscles; Muscular system , Human body : Anterior compartment of thigh
Ankle/Medial border of foot; Tibial border of foot Medical illustrations : Flexor digitorum longus, Calcaneal tendon, Medial malleolus, Tendinous sheath of tibialis anterior, Tendinous sheath of extensor hallucis longus, Groove for tendon of fibularis longus; Groove for tendon of peroneus longus, Tendon, Inferior extensor retinaculum, Flexor retinaculum, Subcutaneous bursa of medial malleolus, Ankle joint, Calcaneus
Ankle : Medial view
Arteries of lower limb - Thigh - Human anatomy : Femoral artery, Deep artery of thigh, Popliteal artery, Anterior tibial artery, Posterior tibial artery, Fibular artery, Adductor hiatus, Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Arteries of lower limb , Thigh : Anterior view
Lumbosacral plexus - Anatomy : Human anatomy : Lumbar nerves [L1-L5], Lumbar plexus, Sacral plexus, Lumbosacral trunk, Coccygeal plexus, Anococcygeal nerve, Coccygeal nerve, Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh; Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, Lateral sural cutaneous nerve, Nerve to quadratus femoris, Nerve to obturator internus, Nerve to piriformis, Femoral nerve, Genitofemoral nerve, Inferior gluteal nerve, Superior gluteal nerve, Iliohypogastric nerve; Iliopubic nerve, Ilioinguinal nerve, Obturator nerve, Sciatic nerve, Sural nerve, Tibial nerve
Lumbosacral plexus , Anatomy : Human anatomy
Cross section - Anatomy (Transverse/Axial): Hip, Buttocks, Pelvic girdle, Thigh : Hip joint, Head of femur, Femoral artery, Femoral vein, Sciatic nerve, Tensor of fascia lata, Gluteus maximus, Acetabular fossa, Obturator internus, Fovea for ligament of head
Cross section , Anatomy (Transverse/Axial): Hip, Buttocks, Pelvic girdle, Thigh
Cross section - Human body  - Leg/Calf : Tibia, Fibula, Interosseous membrane of leg, Posterior intermuscular septum of leg, Deep fascia of leg, Small saphenous vein; Short saphenous vein, Great saphenous vein, Sural veins, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, Fibularis tertius; Peroneus tertius, Extensor hallucis longus, Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, Triceps surae, Plantaris, Popliteus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus ,Extensor hallucis brevis, Extensor digitorum brevis, Abductor hallucis, Flexor hallucis brevis, Adductor hallucis
Cross section , Human body (Axial/Transverse) : Leg/Calf
Dorsum of foot - Anatomy : Bones; Skeletal system, Joints of foot, Muscles Attachment, Tarsal bones,  Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial cuneiform,  Intermediate cuneiform; Middle cuneiform,  Lateral cuneiform,  Cuboid, Metatarsals [I-V], Phalanges, Sesamoid bones, Subtalar joint; Talocalcaneal joint, Transverse tarsal joint,  Talocalcaneonavicular joint, Calcaneocuboid joint,  Cuneonavicular joint, Intercuneiform joints, Tarsometatarsal joints, Interphalangeal joints of foot
Dorsum of foot , Anatomy : Bones; Skeletal system, Joints of foot
  • Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology - FCAT Federative Committee On Anatomical Terminology, Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology - Thieme, 1998 - ISBN 3131152516, 9783131152510
  • Atlas d'anatomie humaine - 4e édition - Frank-H Netter - Pierre Kamina (Traducteur) - Paru le : 25/07/2007 - Editeur : Masson - ISBN : 978-2-294-08042-5 - EAN : 9782294080425 (lien : http://www.netterimages.com/)
  • Lexique illustré d'anatomie Feneis – Feneis - Editeur : Flammarion Médecine-Sciences (23 août 2007) - Collection : ATLAS DE POCHE - ISBN-10: 225712250X - ISBN-13: 978-2257122506
  • Anatomie, tome 1 (Tronc),2 (Appareil locomoteur), 3 (ORL), 4 (Neuro-anatomie) – Dirigé par Jean-Marc Chevalier - Editeur : Flammarion Médecine (1 novembre 1998) - Collection : Monographies - Langue : Français - ISBN-10: 2257101286 - ISBN-13
  • Gray's Anatomie pour les étudiants - de Richard-L Drake, Wayne Vogl et Adam-W-M Mitchell - Editeur : Elsevier (24 octobre 2006) - Langue : Français - ISBN-10: 2842997743 - ISBN-13: 978-2842997748